The endometrium undergoes a series of well-recognised cycles of proliferation, differentiation and tissue breakdown on a monthly basis, in response to exposure to the circulating sex steroids oestrogen and progesterone. Understanding the physiology behind these changes enables healthcare professionals to better counsel their patients on the immediate and longer-term bleeding patterns associated with various contraceptive methods. They will also be able to discuss the potential role for some contraceptives in managing certain female reproductive pathologies.
