The most common cause of chronic kidney failure is diabetes, which accounts for between 30 and 40% of all cases. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition usually taking between fifteen and twenty years to reach the final stages. Although 30% of all people with type 2 diabetes will develop some degree of kidney disease, only a minority go on to develop end-stage renal failure. In this article, we look at the benefits of early detection and treatment in slowing the progression of renal impairment.